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FOR those seeking commercial sex in Berlin, Peppr, a new app, makes life easy. Type in a location and up pops a list of the nearest prostitutes, along with pictures, prices and physical particulars. Results can be filtered, and users can arrange a session for a â?¬5-10 ($6.50-13) booking fee. It plans to expand to more cities. Peppr can operate openly since prostitution, and the advertising of prostitution, are both legal in Germany. But even where they are not, the internet is transforming the sex trade. Prostitutes and punters have always struggled to find each other, and to find out what they want to know before pairing off. Phone-box â??tart cardsâ? for blonde bombshells and leggy señoritas could only catch so many eyes. Customers knew little about the nature and quality of the services on offer. Personal recommendations, though helpful, were awkward to come by. Sex workers did not know what risks they were taking on with clients. Now specialist websites and apps are allowing information to flow between buyer and seller, making it easier to strike mutually satisfactory deals. The sex trade is becoming easier to enter and safer to work in: prostitutes can warn each other about violent clients, and do background and health checks before taking a booking. Personal web pages allow them to advertise and arrange meetings online; their clientsâ?? feedback on review sites helps others to proceed with confidence. Even in places such as America, where prostitution and its facilitation are illegal everywhere except Nevada, the marketing and arrangement of commercial sex is moving online. To get round the laws, web servers are placed abroad; site-owners and users hide behind pseudonyms; and prominently placed legalese frames the purpose of sites as â??entertainmentâ? and their content as â??fictionâ?. The shift online is casting light on parts of the sex industry that have long lurked in the shadows. Streetwalkers have always attracted the lionâ??s share of attention from policymakers and researchers because they ply their trade in public places. They are more bothersome for everyone elseâ??and, because they are the most vulnerable, more likely to come to the attention of the police and of social or health workers. But in many rich countries they are a minority of all sex workers; just 10-20% in America, estimates Ronald Weitzer, a sociologist at George Washington University. The wealth of data available online means it is now possible to analyse this larger and less examined part of the commercial-sex market: prostitution that happens indoors. It turns out to be surprisingly similar to other service industries. Prostitutesâ?? personal characteristics and the services they offer influence the prices they charge; niche services attract a premium; and the internet is making it easier to work flexible hours and to forgo a middleman. Websites such as AdultWork allow prostitutes, both those working independently and those who work through agencies and brothels, to create profiles through which customers can contact them. They can upload detailed information about themselves, the range of services they provide, and the rates they charge. Clients can browse by age, bust or dress size, ethnicity, sexual orientation or location. Other websites garner information from clients, who upload reviews of the prostitutes they have visited with details of the services offered, prices paid and descriptions of the encounters. On PunterNet, a British site, clients describe the premises, the encounter and the sex worker, and choose whether to recommend her. Such write-ups have enabled her to build a personal brand, says one English escort, Michelle (like many names in this article, a pseudonym), and to attract the clients most likely to appreciate what she offers. TrickAdvisor We have analysed 190,000 profiles of sex workers on an international review site. (Since it is active in America, it was not willing to be identified for this article. A disclaimer on the site says the contents are fictional; we make the assumption that they are informative all the same.) Each profile includes customersâ?? reviews of the workerâ??s physical characteristics, the services they offer and the price they charge. The data go back as far as 1999. For each individual we have used the most recent information available, with prices corrected for inflation. Some of those featured may appear under more than one name, or also work through agencies. The data cover 84 cities in 12 countries, with the biggest number of workers being in America and most of the rest in big cities in other rich countries. As this site features only women, our analysis excludes male prostitutes (perhaps a fifth of the commercial-sex workforce). Almost all of those leaving reviews are men. The most striking trend our analysis reveals is a drop in the average hourly rate of a prostitute in recent years (see chart 1). One reason is surely the downturn that followed the 2007-08 financial crisis. Even prostitutes working in places that escaped the worst effects have been hit. Vanessa, a part-time escort in southern England, finds that weeks can go by without her phone ringing. Men see buying sex as a luxury, she says, and with the price of necessities rising it is one they are cutting back on. Even when she offers discounts to whip up interest, clients are scarcer than they were. In places where the job market slumped, the effect is more marked (whether prostitution is legal may affect prices, too, but the wide variation between American cities shows that this is not the only factor). The cost of an hour with an escort in Cleveland, Ohio, where unemployment peaked at 12.5% in 2010, has tumbled. Large-scale migration is another reason prices are falling. Big, rich cities are magnets for immigrants of all professions, including sex workers. Nick Mai of London Metropolitan University has studied foreign sex workers in Britain. He has found that as they integrate and get used to the local cost-of-living, their rates tend to rise. But where the inward flow is unceasing, or where the market was previously very closed, immigrants can push prices down. Since the European Union enlarged to include poorer eastern European countries, workers of every sort have poured into their richer neighbours. By all accounts prices have been dropping in Germany as a result of the arrival of new, poor migrants, says Rebecca Pates of the University of Leipzig. Sally, a semi-retired British escort who runs a flat in the west of England where a few â??matureâ? women sell sex, says English girls are struggling to find work: there are too many eastern European ones willing to accept less. Twenty years ago most prostitutes in Norway were locals who all aimed to charge about the same, says May-Len Skilbrei, a sociologist at Oslo University. Today, with growing numbers of sex workers from the Baltic states and central Europe, as well as Nigerians and Thais, such unofficial price controls are harder to sustain. Inexperience is another reason newcomers to prostitution may underprice themselves, at least at first. Maxine Doogan, an American prostitute and founder of the Erotic Service Providers Union, a lobby group, learnt her trade from a woman who worked for years in a brothel in Nevada, the only American state where prostitution is legal. The older woman taught her what to regard as standard or extra, and how much to charge. When Ms Doogan started out, in 1988, standard services (vaginal sex and fellatio) cost $200 an hour, the equivalent of $395 today. But some of those starting out now still charge $200, she says, or offer extra services, including risky ones such as oral sex without a condom, without charging an appropriate premium. The shift online has probably boosted supply by drawing more locals into the sex trade, too. More attractive and better-educated women, whose marital and job prospects are therefore better, are more likely to consider sex work if it is arranged online. Indoor sex work is safer than streetwalking, and the risk of arrest is lower. Rented flats or hotel rooms are more discreet than brothels, so family and friends are less likely to identify the new source of income. Anonymity becomes a possibility, which lessens the fear of stigma. Creating an online profile separates the decision to take up the work from parading for punters. Meanwhile, broader social change may be reducing demandâ??and thus, prices. Free, no-strings-attached sex is far easier to find than in the past. Apps such as Tinder facilitate speedy hookups; websites such as Ashley Madison and Illicit Encounters, adulterous ones. Greater acceptance of premarital intercourse and easier divorce mean fewer frustrated single and married men turning to prostitutes. Dearer for johns Our analysis shows how a prostituteâ??s hourly rate varies according to the nature of the services she provides and her reported physical characteristics. As in other bits of the economy, clients who seek niche services must pay more. Sex workers who offer anal sex or spanking earn on average $25 or $50 more per hour, respectively (see chart 2). Those who will accept two male clients at once or do threesomes with another woman command a larger premium. Appearance matters a great deal. The customers who reported encounters to the website we analysed clearly value the stereotypical features of Western beauty: women they describe as slim but not scrawny, or as having long blonde hair or full breasts, can charge the highest hourly rates (see chart 3). Hair that is bleached too unconvincingly to be described as blonde attracts a lower premium, but is still more marketable than any other colour. For those not naturally well endowed, breast implants may make economic sense: going from flat-chested to a D-cup increases hourly rates by approximately $40, meaning that at a typical price of $3,700, surgery could pay for itself after around 90 hours. The 12% share of women featured on the site who are described both as athletic, slim or thin, and as being at least a D-cup, suggests that quite a few have already taken this route. A prostituteâ??s rates also vary according to her ethnicity and nationality. What attracts a premium in one place can attract a penalty in another. According to our analysis, in four big American cities and London, black women earn less than white ones (see chart 4). We had too few data from other cities for a reliable breakdown by ethnicity. But Christine Chin of the American University in Washington, DC, has studied high-end transnational prostitutes in several countries. In Kuala Lumpur, she found, black women command very high rates and in Singapore, Vietnamese ones do. In Dubai, European women earn the most. What counts as exotic and therefore desirable varies from place to place, and depends on many factors, such as population flows. Local markets have other quirks. According to the site we analysed, an hour with an escort in Tokyo is a bargain compared with one in London or New York. Yet a cost-of-living index compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit, our sister organisation, suggests that Tokyo is the most expensive city overall of the three. The apparent anomaly may be because escorts who appear on an English-language review site mostly cater to foreigners, who are not offered the more unusualâ??and expensiveâ??services Japanese prostitutes provide for locals. These include the bubble baths and highly technical massages of Sopurando (â??Soaplandâ?), a red-light district in Tokyo, which can cost Â¥60,000 ($600) for a session and involve intercourse (although that is not advertised). A degree appears to raise earnings in the sex industry just as it does in the wider labour market. A study by Scott Cunningham of Baylor University and Todd Kendall of Compass Lexecon, a consultancy, shows that among prostitutes who worked during a given week, graduates earned on average 31% more than non-graduates. More lucrative working patterns rather than higher hourly rates explained the difference. Although sex workers with degrees are less likely to work than others in any given week (suggesting that they are more likely to regard prostitution as a sideline), when they do work they see more clients and for longer. Their clients tend to be older men who seek longer sessions and intimacy, rather than a brief encounter. How much brothels and massage parlours use the internet depends on local laws. Americaâ??s legal restrictions mean that they keep a low profile, both offline and online. In Britain, where brothels are illegal though prostitution is not, massage parlours advertise the rotas and prices of their workers online but are coy about the services rendered. By contrast Paradise, a mega-brothel in Germany, boasts a frank and informative website. But it is independent sex workers for whom the internet makes the biggest difference. Mr Cunningham has tracked the number of sex workers in American cities on one review site. In the decade to 2008, during which online advertising for commercial sex took off, the share describing themselves as independent grew. For prostitutes, the internet fulfils many of the functions of a workplace. It is a â??break-room and hiring hallâ?, says Melissa Gira Grant, the author of â??Playing the Whore: The Work of Sex Workâ?. Online forums replace the office water-cooler. Women exchange tips on dealing with the everyday challenges of sex work; a busy thread on one forum concerns which sheets stand up best to frequent washing. A mother in Scotland asks how other prostitutes juggle child care and selling sex, given that bookings are often made at short notice so babysitters are hard to arrange. Another contributor who is thinking of having children asks how much other women saved before taking time off to have a baby, and whether the new calls on their time meant they earned less after giving birth. One reply points out that prostitution is easier than many other jobs to combine with motherhood: it pays well enough to cover child-care costs, and can be fitted around school holidays, plays and sports days, and childrenâ??s illnesses. Women who are considering entering the industry often seek advice online from those already in it before making up their minds. Melanie, who earns £65,000 ($109,000) a year, says that she is considering selling sex on the side for a few months to pay off debts. She asks which agency to use and how to get the highest rate. But she also worries that a stint selling sex would harm her future career. Experienced sex workers respond that anonymity will be easier to preserve if she works independently, rather than through an agency, and warn her that she is entering a crowded market. The stress of living a double life should not be underestimated, they caution, and it will not be easy money. Many of those contributing to such discussions hold other jobs, often part-time, and tout the merits of a steady source of additional income and something innocuous to put on a CV. Sarah says her escort work means she can pay for her daughterâ??s dance and music lessons, which would be unaffordable on just her â??civvy jobâ?. Some husbands and boyfriends know about their wivesâ?? and girlfriendsâ?? work, or even act as managers, drivers and security. Other women keep what they do a secret from those closest to them. Advertising and booking clients online give prostitutes flexibility about where to work. They can â??tourâ?, using their own home pages or profiles on specialist websites to advertise where they will be and when. In densely populated Britain, where prostitutes work in most places, tours allow those who normally serve small towns to visit cities crammed with potential customers. In Norway, says Ms Skilbrei, prostitutes are concentrated in the main cities, so a tour is a chance to satisfy pent-up demand in small towns. The freelancers, part-timers and temps the internet is bringing to the sex trade are likely to help it absorb demand shocks. In 2008 the Republican and Democratic national conventions were held in Minneapolis and Denver respectively. Around 50,000 visitors flocked to each city. Another study by Mr Cunningham and Mr Kendall found that the numbers of advertisements for sex on the now-defunct â??erotic servicesâ? section of Craigslist, a classified-advertising site, were 41% higher in Minneapolis and 74% higher in Denver around the conventions than expected for those days of the week and times of year. Health and safety Sex work exposes those who do it to serious risks: of rape and other violence, and of sexually transmitted infections. But in this industry, like many others, the internet is making life easier. Online forums allow prostitutes to share tips about how to stay safe and avoid tangling with the law. Some sites let them vouch for clients they have seen, improving other womenâ??s risk assessments. Others use services such as Roomservice 2000, another American site, where customers can pay for a background check to present to sex workers. Both sides benefit since the client can demonstrate trustworthiness without giving credit-card details or phone numbers to the prostitute. Sites that are active in restrictive jurisdictions must be careful not to fall foul of the law. In June the FBI shut down MyRedBook, an advertising-and-review site with a chat section for sex workers. Its owners face charges of money laundering and facilitating prostitution. American police sometimes use such sites to entrap prostitutes. As they wise up to this, sex workers are using sites that allow them to verify clientsâ?? identities to help them avoid stings. But that adds unnecessary hassle and distracts from what should be most important: staying safe. â??Screening for cops [is now] the priority over screening for rapists, thieves, kidnappers,â? says Ms Doogan. In Britain, Ugly Mugs runs an online database that prostitutes can use to check puntersâ?? names and telephone numbers. In America the National Blacklist, a â??deadbeat registryâ?, allows them to report men who are abusive or fail to pay. Other women can check potential clients by names, telephone numbers, e-mail addresses and online aliases. Though not specifically aimed at sex workers, apps such as Healthvana make it easy for buyer and seller to share verified results in sexual-health tests. Moving online means prostitutes need no longer rely on the usual intermediariesâ??brothels and agencies; pimps and madamsâ??to drum up business or provide a venue. Some will decide to go it alone. That means more independence, says Ana, a Spanish-American erotic masseuse who works in America and Britain. It also means more time, effort and expertise put into marketing. â??You need a good website, lots of great pictures, you need to learn search-engine optimisationâ?¦itâ??s exhausting at times,â? she says. Leaving the streets behind Others will still prefer to have a manager or assistant to take care of bookings and social media. â??[Nowadays] you have people hitting you up on Twitter, Facebook, your website, and e-mail,â? says Ms Doogan. Eros.com, an international listings site, allows prostitutes to tell clients whether they are currently available. But it means going online every hour or two, which is a chore. And online advertising is not cheap. Ms Doogan used to spend 10% of her income on print adverts; she spends far more on online ones because with so many people advertising, returns are lower. Checking customersâ?? bona fides also takes time. Meanwhile some traditional forms of prostitution are struggling. In the decade to 2010 the number of licensed sex clubs in the Netherlands fell by more than half, according to a study for Platform31, a Dutch research network. Much of the decline will have been offset by the growth of sex work advertised online, it reckons. Many prostitutes would rather work from private premises than in a club or for an agency, says Sietske Altink, one of the authors. Dutch municipalities often bar such workâ??but the option of finding clients online makes such rules harder to enforce. That shift will make the sex industry harder for all governments to control or regulate, whether they seek to do so for pragmatic or moralistic reasons, or out of concern that not all those in the industry are there by their own free will. Buyers and sellers of sex who strike deals online are better hidden and more mobile than those who work in brothels, or from clubs or bars, points out Professor Weitzer of George Washington University. Ireland has banned the advertising of sexual services since 1994. The prohibition has achieved almost nothing, says Graham Ellison, a sociologist at Queenâ??s University in Belfast. Websites simply moved to other jurisdictions. The closure of those such as MyRedBook may prompt American ones to do the same; as they grow more specialised, the excuse that they merely host classified advertisements is wearing thin. In the long term there will always be people who, for whatever reason, want to hire a prostitute rather than do without sex or pick up a partner in a bar. As paid-for sex becomes more readily and discreetly available online, more people will buy it. A greater awareness may develop that not all sex workers are the victims of exploitation. The very discretionâ??and the hidden nature of such prostitutionâ??may also mean that the stigma persists. But, overall, sex workers will profit. The internet has disrupted many industries. The oldest one is no exception.

[SIZE=4][COLOR=Magenta]Seven Health Benefits Of Cuddling, According To Science[/COLOR][/SIZE] By EMMA MCGOWAN [URL]https://www.bustle.com/p/7-health-benefits-of-cuddling-according-to-science-7543527[/URL] [QUOTE] [I]Iâ??m a cuddle monster. Iâ??ve been a cuddle monster since I was very, very little. In the video of my first day of kindergarten, you can see me casually lean against my aunt until my entire body is against hers. Thereâ??s just something about getting all snuggled up with someone that gets me, every time. I always thought it was because Iâ??m a natural-born hedonist, but apparently there are some [URL="https://www.shape.com/lifestyle/sex-and-love/5-health-reasons-make-time-cuddling"]major health benefits to cuddling,[/URL] too. â??Cuddling is such a great way for couples to connect!â? Sarah Watson, LPC and CST, tells Bustle. â??Body to body touch release oxytocin, which helps us bond, and can lower anxiety, depression and blood pressure. I recommend cuddling to increase intimacy with your partner. Cuddling doesn't have to led to physical intimacy, but it could if you wanted it to. Cuddling is bonding and relaxing. Make time to connect and cuddle!â? And while cuddling in the summer months can make you feel like youâ??re going to drown in sweat, the winter months are basically made for cuddling. Cooler temperatures mean not only are you more inclined to snuggle up to your boo (or, you know, whomever) but youâ??re also probably spending more time inside. So grab your comfiest sweats, sink into your favorite part of the couch, put something on Netflix, and enjoy these seven [URL="https://www.bustle.com/articles/109958-why-touching-your-partner-feels-so-good-according-to-a-new-study-plus-more-reasons-to"]health benefits of cuddling[/URL].[/I] [I] [B]1. It Releases Oxytocin[/B][/I] [I]As Dr. Watson mentioned, a lot of the health benefits from cuddling are directly related to the oxytocin boost it gives you. Oxytocin is sometimes called the â??love hormoneâ? because itâ??s triggered by all the love stuff: kissing, cuddling, having sex. When youâ??re cuddled up with someone, [URL="https://www.livescience.com/42198-what-is-oxytocin.html"]your brain releases more oxytocin[/URL] than it would when youâ??re, say, cleaning or working or doing anything else not love-related. [B] 2. It Promotes Bonding[/B][/I] [I]The first health benefit of oxytocin that scientists isolated was that itâ??s released in order to promote bonding between women and their babies. But it turns out itâ??s not just great for mother/child bonding â?? itâ??s also excellent for [URL="https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/love-and-gratitude/201310/oxytocin-the-love-and-trust-hormone-can-be-deceptive"]connecting more strongly with a romantic partner[/URL]. [B] 3. It Eases Stress[/B][/I] [I][URL="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/25/hugging-health-valentines-day_n_2545226.html"]Cuddling eases stress by releasing oxytocin[/URL], which is like an all natural anti-anxiety medication. But itâ??s also a time that your body is relaxed and comfortable; a break from the hectic nature of most peopleâ??s daily lives. Finally, weâ??re usually doing other relaxing things when we cuddle â?? watching TV on the couch, lying in bed â?? and taking time for breaks like that is great for stress levels, too. [B] 4. It Helps You Sleep[/B][/I] [I]This one might seem like a â??duh,â? but cuddling helps you fall asleep. Thereâ??s the obvious â?? youâ??re comfy in bed, so falling asleep is the next natural thing â?? but then our old friend oxytocin also comes into play. One 2003 study from researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry found that [URL="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167011503001186"]oxytocin promoted sleep in the brains of mice[/URL]. There was one caveat, however: It had to be under stress-free conditions. So maybe in order to get this benefit you should make sure not fight in bed? (I mean, thatâ??s generally good life advice, anyway.) [B]5. It Boosts Your Immune System[/B][/I] [I]In addition to oxytocin, cuddling also releases the â??happy hormoneâ? serotonin. Those two together work to boost your immune system. One 2014 study from researchers at Carnegie Mellon University found that [URL="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797614559284"]people who hugged more[/URL] were less likely to contract a cold after being exposed to the cold virus and that those who [I]did [/I]get sick had less severe symptoms. I donâ??t know about you, but I think getting regular hugs sounds a whole lot nicer than drinking Emergen-C every day. [B]6. It Improves Your Heart Health[/B][/I] [I]Stress is really, [URL="https://www.healthline.com/health/stress/effects-on-body"]really bad for your health[/URL]. And guess what body part itâ??s super bad for you? You got it â?? your heart. But one study from University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill researchers that included 100 adults found that [URL="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/2003-03-09-hug-usat_x.htm"]a brief hug followed by holding hands[/URL] while watching a 10-minute video was associated with lower blood pressure and heart rate, when compared with people who didnâ??t hug and hold hands. If thatâ??s possible in 10 minutes, imagine what an entire afternoon of Netflix and actually chilling might do?? [B]7. It Boosts Your Sexual And Relationship Satisfaction[/B][/I] [I]And, last but certainly not least, cuddling boosts your sexual and relationship satisfaction â?? especially if you have kids. A University of Toronto Mississauga published in the Archives of Sexual Behavior in 2014 found that [URL="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-014-0305-3"]cuddling more after sex[/URL] was associated with higher sexual and relationship satisfaction, even three months after the study period. The study also found that effects were more pronounced for women than men and that couples with children reported even higher benefits than childless couples. I didnâ??t need any more excuses to love cuddling. Itâ??s hands down one of my favorite activities. But the next time my boyfriend insists that heâ??s â??too hotâ? to cuddle me (which, granted, is definitely my fault â?? I heat up like an old fashioned radiator as soon as he touches me), Iâ??m going to whip out these health benefits of cuddling. You gotta love science, amirite?[/I] [/QUOTE][SIZE=4][COLOR=Magenta]Sooo... come cuddle with me!! ;) xo [/COLOR][/SIZE]

[img]http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_9C2xlFBFLk0/SuxeqDIWkWI/AAAAAAAAAKE/PaDmfw2Xe2s/s400/tumblr_kpz8iinokH1qztiu5o1_500.jpg[/img] [img]http://cache-10.gawkerassets.com/assets/images/4/2010/02/500x_victor_combination_pneumatic_and_mechanical.jpg[/img] Zosia Bielski reports for the [I]Globe and Mail[/I], 23 Sept 2011: [url]http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/relationships/sex/sex-sexuality/how-female-hysteria-led-to-the-invention-of-the-vibrator/article2176575/page1/[/url] [indent][B]How female 'hysteria' led to the invention of the vibrator[/B] Theyâ??d tremble, flush a deep red, moan and feel remarkably better afterward, a spring in their step as they left their physiciansâ?? operating theatres. Victorian women climaxing â?? unbeknownst to even themselves â?? populate [I]Hysteria[/I], a film that enjoyed a raucous premiere at the recent Toronto International Film Festival, and the drama[I] In the Next Room or the vibrator play[/I], currently on at Torontoâ??s Tarragon Theatre. The film and the play are the latest incarnations to cast a bemused glance back at â??hysteria,â? the catch-all Victorian malady that pathologized female desire and had doctors masturbating patients, first with their hands and later with rudimentary vibrators, in hopes of treating a wide variety of symptoms, from anxiety, depression and insomnia to nymphomania and frigidity â?? not to mention the much frowned-upon practice of reading novels. Even as the vibrator has been co-opted by mainstream companies such as Durex and Trojan (the â??Tri-Phoriaâ? model promises to â??blow your hair backâ?), hysteria and its place in the vibratorâ??s history continue to fascinate the masses, and get academics squabbling. In [I]Hysteria[/I], the well-to-do women visiting Mortimer Granvilleâ??s medical clinic complain of distracting thoughts and hating their husbands. His â??medical treatmentâ? â?? first digital and later aided by a crude vibrator when his hands go numb â?? sends the women into paroxysms of pleasure and pain. Maggie Gyllenhaalâ??s feminist character foretells that hysteria is little more than an all-encompassing diagnosis for â??nervous housewivesâ? ignored by inattentive hubbies. [I]In the Next Room or the vibrator play[/I] focuses on the agony of a cabin-fevered wife as sheâ??s forced to take in the orgasmic sounds of her husbandsâ?? hysteria patients beyond the parlour walls. â??I have heard that some women do not need the vibrating instrument to give them paroxysms, that relations with their husbands have much the same effect,â? the wife hazards at the playâ??s conclusion. Director Richard Rose suggests hysteria continues to intrigue because it speaks to sexual unease: â??Not being able to communicate oneâ??s desires out of embarrassment, awkwardness or because of social issues, that darkness or shadow between people about their sexuality, is a recurring issue.â? [I]In the Next Room [/I]was written by American playwright Sarah Ruhl, who worked from a landmark 1999 book on the vibrator, Rachel Mainesâ?? [I]The Technology of Orgasm[/I]. The book also informs the film, as well as a puppet rock musical called [I]Oh My[/I], Dr. Maines says. â??Thereâ??s a lot of things in them that depart from the history but I donâ??t really care as long as it gets people talking about the really important issues,â? said Dr. Maines, who is visiting scientist in the Cornell University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Hysteria, Dr. Maines says, literally meant â??womb disease.â? The loosely defined condition emerged in Hippocratesâ?? day and involved â??anything that made the woman troublesome to those around her.â? Manual massage by physician became a â??standard medical treatment in Europe at least by the 5th century AD, running through about 1900,â? Dr. Maines said. The appearance of the mechanical vibrator in 1883 relieved doctors of the drudgery of performing the massage: Some manual sessions would span close to an hour and the vibrator reduced this to mere minutes. In a sense, hysterics were the ideal patients: â??Theyâ??re not going to die of their disease, but theyâ??re not going to recover from it either,â? Dr. Maines chuckled. Still, heated debate persists as to whether the Victorian doctors comprehended the sexual nature of the work. â??Itâ??s not defined as sexual,â? Dr. Maines insists. The paroxysm, â??the thing with the contractions and the release of fluid and all the heavy breathing and the flushing of the face, it was like the breaking of a fever when you have a cold.â? She says that naivety defined the times: Most 19th century doctors didnâ??t speak about the clitoris, instead promulgating myths that women either didnâ??t have orgasms or derived their sole pleasure from penetration. â??Very few [doctors of the time] ... actually say â??this is an orgasm.â??â? Her critics disagree, suggesting the modern adaptations of her book glaze over nuances of the era. â??I do not think that your average female patient would have been totally, â??Oh, doctor knows best,â?? if he started ferreting around in her private parts,â? said Lesley Hall, a senior archivist at Londonâ??s Wellcome Library. â??Masturbation was seen as really bad,â? said Dr. Hall, who is also the author of Sex, Gender and Social Change in Britain Since 1880. â??Any kind of sexual activity for women which was not penetrative sex with their lawful wedded husband with at least the possibility of conception was [thought] to lead to all sorts of health problems.â? And while women of the time didnâ??t necessarily know what masturbation was, Dr. Hall believes â??doctors did.â? For this reason and the threat of professional liability, she and other scholars suggest the treatment was performed on the fringes â?? the lineups of women in the filmic adaptation are sheer poetic licence. â??Itâ??s making these people look like idiots and I donâ??t believe that was the case. Medical literature shows that doctors knew the role of the clitoris. And it makes light of womenâ??s sexuality,â? says Hallie Lieberman, a self-proclaimed â??dildographerâ? and PhD student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison studying the marketing of sex toys throughout history. â??[Mainesâ?? book] really plays on this idea that the doctors didnâ??t know what the clitoris did, which I think is wrong,â? said Sarah Rodriguez, a research assistant professor in medical humanities and bioethics at Northwestern University in Chicago. Ms. Lieberman and others point to a number of sexual anatomy textbooks spanning from the 1820s into the 1900s that describe the clitoris as a primary sexual organ, one capable of erection. In 1890, physician Leonard Rau called it the â??principal seat of sexual orgasm in the female.â? An â??electric bellâ? is how one gynecology professor put it in 1900. More accessible was Marie Stopesâ?? popular 1918 sex manual Married Love, which makes explicit reference to the clitoris and its role in orgasm. The book sold nearly 750,000 copies by 1931. Ms. Lieberman suggests hysteria continues to enthrall modern audiences because with â??women, itâ??s always a mystery, whether theyâ??re aroused. ... Itâ??s hard to reliably give women a clitoral orgasm. Thereâ??s still a search for the Holy Grail of that.â? Indeed, in some sense the female orgasm remains elusive, as evidenced by pharmaceuticalsâ?? failed hunt for a â??pink Viagraâ? to treat the equally contentious FSD or â??female sexual dysfunction,â? a diagnosis in the current DSM, the go-to handbook for psychiatrists. While Ms. Lieberman doesnâ??t go as far as to label the controversial FSD and its sister malady, hypoactive desire disorder, as todayâ??s hysteria, she suggests the cure may be vibrators, of all things. â??I believe we should be having great sex throughout the life cycle,â? she said. â??Vibrators need to be promoted by physicians because they do give a lot of anorgasmic women orgasms.â? [B]Treating â??hysteriaâ?? through the ages[/B] 450 B.C. The concept of hysteria is believed to have originated with the Greek physician Hippocrates, who thought the uterus moved around the body when it lacked fluids, threatening suffocation. Manual massage performed by physicians was thought to ground the organ. 1660s English physician Thomas Sydenham suggests hysteria is the most common malady after the fever. Physician Nathaniel Highmore speaks to the difficulty of the massage: itâ??s â??not unlike that game of boys in which they try to rub their stomachs with one hand and pat their heads with the other.â? 1800s French physician Charles Lasègue decries hysteria as a â??wastepaper basket of otherwise unemployed medical symptoms,â? says Rachel Maines, author of The Technology of Orgasm. 1883 French physician Auguste Tripier controversially suggests that the manual massages are plain masturbation. 1883 British doctor Joseph Mortimer Granville inadvertently invents the first vibrator: colloquially known as the â??Granvilleâ??s Hammer,â? it was intended as a muscular massage for men. 1899 Vibrators become available for home sale, with models proliferating the following year 1904 The Chattanooga, a massive contraption on wheels, goes on sale for a prohibitively expensive $200; it includes an anal probe for men suffering from hysteria - yes, they existed. 1909 Alfred Dale Covey suggests vibro-therapy in a book called â??Profitable Office Specialtiesâ?; the vibrator drastically reduces the time it takes a woman to reach â??paroxysm.â? 1918 A Sears, Roebuck and Co. catalogue advertises vibrators alongside other household implements under the teaser, â??Aids That Every Woman Appreciates.â? 1920s Vibrators appear in pornography and soon disappear from medical practice 1970s Betty Dodson advocates masturbating with vibrators as a feminist practise, teaching women how to climax in her New York City apartment ...[/indent]

Article: Science confirms, men ogle women Published October 29, 2013 http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/10/29/science-confirms-men-ogle-women/ Science has confirmed what women have known for years - men really do look at women's bodies more than their faces. But a study published in the journal Sex Roles shows that women are just as guilty of staring at other women's bodies more than their faces. The US study took 29 women and 36 men who were fitted an eye-tracking system which measures how many milliseconds the eyes remain on a certain spot. Photographs of 10 women were shown, each with three digitally altered body shapes - curvaceous, much less curvaceous and in-between. Both men and women focused on women's chests and waists. Those women with bigger breasts, narrower waists and bigger hips prompted longer looks. Lead author of the study, Dr Sarah Gervais of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, said the explanation may be evolutionary as men are said to be drawn to more shapely women for childbearing, while women may be checking out their competition. "We live in a culture in which we constantly see women objectified in interactions on television and in the media. When you turn your own lens on everyday, ordinary women, we focus on those parts, too," she told USA Today. "Until now, we didn't have evidence people were actually doing that to women's bodies," she said. "We have women's self-reports, but this is some of the first work to document that people actually engage in this." The eye tracking system is said to be more useful then questionnaires or interviews, which are subjective, because people may not known how much the subconsciously check out women's bodies. This sounds like tax dollars at work, the work of people that have never spoken to the opposite sex, or perhaps it was suggested by someone as a joke. What other ridiculous studies have you heard of?

London 2012: Will the Olympics bring more prostitutes? Major sporting events such as World Cups and Olympic Games are often preceded by warnings about a rise in prostitution and sex trafficking as a result of the impending influx of spectators. But will prostitution in London really increase because of the 2012 Olympics? It seems like every time a World Cup or an Olympics appears on the horizon, so do warnings from the international press, government ministers and police. They all express fears that thousands of women will be trafficked to the host nation to satisfy the sexual desires of the crowds. The same messages have long been issued for the London 2012 Olympic Games. In January 2010 Tessa Jowell, then Minister for the Olympics in the previous government, told MPs: "Major sporting events can be a magnet for the global sex and trafficking industry; this is wholly unacceptable. I am determined that traffickers will not exploit London 2012." And Dennis Hof, who owns the Moonlite Bunny Ranch, a large-scale brothel in Nevada, US, says he expects London to see "1,000 girls to be trafficked in by South East Asian, Albanian and African gangs, violent gangs involved in crime and drugs". Hof, who wants to run a legal brothel during the Olympics, bases his prediction on what he said he saw at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada. But are such warnings accurate? The 2004 Olympic Games in Athens seems to be the first major international sporting event to have invoked widespread warnings about a rise in prostitutes and sex workers. It is often reported to have seen its sex trafficking almost doubling. However, a report by the Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women (GAATW) shows the number of cases in Athens during the whole of 2004 was 181, up from 93 in 2003 - a far cry from the many thousands of women said to be threatened by trafficking in these situations. None of these 181 cases were linked to the Games by Greek authorities. Prior to the 2006 World Cup in Germany, similar warnings were issued by media and various officials, but according to an EU report from January 2007, the German government only found five cases of trafficking cases linked to the tournament. The report also states that "the increase in forced prostitution and human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation during the 2006 World Cup in Germany which was feared by some did not materialise" with "no sign whatsoever of the alleged 40,000 prostitutes/forced prostitutes - a figure repeatedly reported, also in international media". Where are you going to put them? Are you going to buy a property in east London for six weeks in order to operate this business? How are to contain all those women you have coerced into sex work especially for the Olympics? There is simply no evidence that this sort of thing takes place. The public authorities and police haven't quite grasped how trafficking takes place. They're attacking the wrong targets for finding those trafficking victims. By being so obsessed with sex trafficking, which sells newspapers, we've ignored that cheap labour trafficking is probably a bigger problem. And yet, the 2006 World Cup has been used as an example of an instance where huge numbers of prostitutes were paid for sex by large numbers of the tournament attendees. Sticking with World Cups, a study funded by the United Nations Population Fund and conducted after the 2010 tournament in South Africa found there was no significant change in the numbers of men visiting prostitutes during that event. But there had been broad speculation that between 40,000 and 100,000 sex workers from all over the world would enter South Africa because of that tournament. The 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, held in Vancouver, Canada were also subject to similar speculation - but according to a study conducted afterwards by University of British Columbia researchers, mass trafficking didn't happen there, either. The study says that "despite sensationalised media coverage" prior to the Games, there was "no evidence in this study to support concerns of an influx of sex workers or reports of trafficking of women or girls". Many have used the experiences of the Greeks, Germans and South Africans to form an argument that London will have to brace itself for increased numbers of sex workers. But more than two years later, Tessa Jowell, who once told the Commons about her determination to combat sex trafficking at London 2012, now admits that "current intelligence would suggest that we are unlikely to see large scale trafficking into London as a result of the Games". "There is some anecdotal evidence to suggest that international sporting events might create demand for paid sex due to the influx of tourists, site workers, contractors, the media and indeed the athletes themselves - although this is contested." Jowell also says that it is "hard to know" whether the lack of evidence for Games-related trafficking "was a result of the measures that were put in place" by her officials "or whether the threat simply hasn't materialised". "We would certainly rather be having a conversation about whether the threat of trafficking was ever going to materialise rather than about it as a reality on the streets of London and we should continue to be vigilant in the face of such a threat." The Metropolitan Police Service's Human Exploitation and Organised Crime Command (SCD9) was set up at the start of 2010 to tackle vice, human trafficking and immigration crime. It has a team focusing on vice-related crime in the five Olympic host boroughs - Newham, Hackney, Waltham Forest, Tower Hamlets and Greenwich. SCD9 was given £600,000 to tackle the potential increase in trafficking in those five boroughs in the run up to 2012. However, a Met Police Authority report on SCD9 published in October 2011 said the "intelligence currently held does not support any increase in prostitution in the Olympic Boroughs and actually shows a decrease in some locations". And a Met Police spokesman says SCD9 was set up "based on assessments made over three years ago" which had used "the best information available" at that time. "As time has moved on we have not seen any rise in trafficking linked with the Olympics," he adds. Conservative London Assembly Member Andrew Boff has compiled the Silence of Violence report which also says there is "no strong evidence that trafficking for sexual exploitation does in fact increase during sporting events". He also says raids on brothels were increasing as the Olympics approached, with 80 being closed in the Olympic borough of Newham in the last 20 months or so. Sarah Walker, of the English Collective of Prostitutes, echoes this view, saying recent frequent police raids on east London brothels represent a pre-Olympics crackdown - about which the ECP is "outraged". Continue reading the main story London 2012 - One extraordinary year The BBC's home of 2012: Latest Olympic news, sport, culture, torch relay, video and audio However, the Met Police denied conducting any crackdown, saying it has "not increased operations targeting brothels in the five Olympic boroughs" and was "responding to local concerns and feedback from residents and businesses across London about street prostitution". Another group representing sex workers, x:talk, is calling for a moratorium on arrests, the detention and deportation of sex workers until the end of the Olympics. A spokeswoman also says police raids on brothels, particularly in east London, are driving sex workers further away from their support network of co-workers and health services, prompting the call for a pause on arrests. "Ultimately, arresting these women and raiding their places of work just makes them more vulnerable," she says.